Repositório Colecção:http://hdl.handle.net/11144/52372024-03-28T11:41:43Z2024-03-28T11:41:43ZNotes on the distinction between diplomatic protection and consular protectionFarias, Eduardo Pimentel dehttp://hdl.handle.net/11144/52522021-11-09T13:00:11Z2021-11-01T00:00:00ZTítulo: Notes on the distinction between diplomatic protection and consular protection
Autor: Farias, Eduardo Pimentel de
Resumo: In commonparlance,what is called diplomatic protection means, in most cases, a
consular protection action. The generic notion of diplomatic protection is used to define
a variety of possible forms of protection of the national abroad. This paper seeks to
reflect on what lies behind the recurrent inaccuracy or error in the application of correct
semantics to the type of protection of nationals abroad. Using the hypothetical
deductive method, we find that in theory diplomatic and consular protection are clearly
differentiated by two main axes. In practice, however, these two institutes overlap and
confuse each other frequently. The solution to the problem referred to would not be
based on doubt about the theory, but on the practical performance of the international
actors themselves. The lack of a precise distinction between the two concepts of
protection would occur more by the combination of factors resulting from the exercise
of protection, than of a hesitation about theory.2021-11-01T00:00:00ZUnder the breeze of the Portuguese Indian Ocean: tourism and heritage in ZanzibarCastro, Maria Joãohttp://hdl.handle.net/11144/52512021-11-09T12:54:57Z2021-11-01T00:00:00ZTítulo: Under the breeze of the Portuguese Indian Ocean: tourism and heritage in Zanzibar
Autor: Castro, Maria João
Resumo: Tourism is, in the 21st century, the largest industry in the world and a phenomenon
structured on the basis of a dynamic and tentacular articulation. Among the forms enshrined
in the phenomenon, the so-called "memory tourism" has gained relevance, based on a
colonial heritage whose values are formulated according to a reminiscence of a once shared
culture/ heritage: that of overseas empires. By gaining a new prominence, these postcolonial places open themselves to new readings, responding to a societal challenge of
contemporary mobility by looking at the journey as a way of building culture and defining
identities, for which we propose to map the heritage of portuguese roots in the archipelago
of Zanzibar, a place integrated in the Lusitanian empire for two hundred years and a source
of multiculturalism and otherness that our time is heir.2021-11-01T00:00:00ZA Kuznets adaptive approach to life expectancy at birth: an application on rising powersÜnal, HüseyinKinik, Hülyahttp://hdl.handle.net/11144/52502021-11-09T12:51:24Z2021-11-01T00:00:00ZTítulo: A Kuznets adaptive approach to life expectancy at birth: an application on rising powers
Autor: Ünal, Hüseyin; Kinik, Hülya
Resumo: This study aims to test the validness of Kuznets’ hypothesis in major rising powers between
the years of 2000 and 2018 within the scope of the relationships between life expectancy at
birth (throughout the paper-life expectancy-LE) and economic growth. Using panel data
analysis method, we investigate if there is a curve such as Health Kuznets Curve (HKC) for
life expectancy. The empirical findings indicate that the validity of HKC hypothesis could not
be obtained for Brazil, Mexico, Russian Federation, South Africa and Turkey. A U-shaped
relationship exists between these two variables for these countries. In other respects, we
found empirical evidence of a Kuznets’curve and inverted U -shaped relations between
economic growth and life expactancy for Australia, China, Indonesia and Korea. Empirical
evidence also suggests that there is not any relationship between economic growth and life
expectancy for India.2021-11-01T00:00:00ZThe European Union’s recovery and resilience fund, in the context of the European integration project and its future prospectsGuerra, Filipehttp://hdl.handle.net/11144/52492021-11-09T12:46:14Z2021-11-01T00:00:00ZTítulo: The European Union’s recovery and resilience fund, in the context of the European integration project and its future prospects
Autor: Guerra, Filipe
Resumo: Throughout its history, the process of European integration has been shaped by successive
stages of transfer of competences and powers from the Member States to the European Union
and its institutions. At the same time, and with progressively shorter latency periods, several
moments of crisis in the integration process were recorded. Of these crises, the financial crisis
that began in 2008 was of particular importance, demonstrating the difficulties in reaching
consensus and the fragmentation of interests within the European integration process.
This article aims to make a historical revisitation of several crisis moments in the European
integration process, with special attention to the past sovereign debt and Eurozone crises.
From this exposition, an argument is made about the susceptibility of fragmentation of
interests within the European Union, what are the causes and consequences of this
fragmentation and how this was reproduced throughout 2020 in the construction of the
Recovery and Resilience Fund, launched by the European Union in response to the crisis
triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic. Additionally, a diverse set of perspectives on the
Resilience and Recovery Fund and its relevance in the framework of the continuity of the
European integration process is presented.
Finally, we conclude that the European integration process is once again marked by the
strengthening of its political agenda and by recent signs of adaptation of the European Union
institutions to the management of constant crisis cycles, allowing the integration process to
continue.2021-11-01T00:00:00Z